all aBout me & my Famz...

HoLaaaaa………………..

My name is Febry Noviana Rambe

Singkat cerita saiia dilahirkan dari rahim seorang ibu manis nan bersahaja Hj. Nursaniah Sagala S.Pd, yang bersuamikan H. Nasyaruddin Rambe. Saiia lahir d Londut, Aek Kanopan. Kabupaten Labuhan Batu Utara. Yupz…. rumah H. Mhd. Yusuf Isa Sagala & Hj. Siti Khadijah lah itu…

Saat ini saiia tinggal di kota Medan, Sumatera Utara. Di Perumahan Taman Johor Baru, jl. Karya wisata…

Hmmm…..  Kira-kira 8 tahun lalu, saiia menetap di Cikampak, Kabupaten Labuhan Batu Selatan. Setelah tamat SD, barulah saiia tinggal di Ibukota Sumbagut ini kawan…

Kota kecil yang indah Cikampak itu. Dekat dengan sanak keluarga. Atok (kakek) saiia H. Bahren Rambe beserta istri tercintanya (nenek yang cantik) Hj. Siti Amnah Nasution tinggal dekat dengan rumah keluarga saiia. Hmmm…. Jika lebaran tiba, melancong lah kami sekeluarga ke Londut (pssstttt… tempat keluarga ibu).
ada sawah, perkebunan karet, sawit dll....
hal yang pastinya gak bisa dilihat di keramaiian kota besar seperti Medan

Btw…

I’m studied in UNIMED now…

Ambil Jur. Pend. Kimia

Mantap tak ??

Biar seperti si mama yang menjadi pahlawan tanpa tanda jasa (melebaiisasi saiia….)

Tapi pengen juga lagh seperti si Ayah, pengusaha cuii….

Hha..

Waktu masih di sekolah menengah atas (SMA)

Saiia bersekolah d SMAS AL-AZHAR Medan

Sebelumnya bersekolah di MTs S AL-KAUTSAR AL-AKBAR Medan

Tapiii SD masih disekitaran rumah. Hhhooo…..

Upzzz… Mulai ngalurr ngidul tak Jelas…

Capekk juga…
Stop dulu lagh iia
Bye semuaaa......

Tabel Periodik Unsur

Invisible Ink

Here's How:

1. There are at least two methods to use baking soda as an invisible ink. Mix equal parts water and baking soda.
2. Use a cotton swab, toothpick, or paintbrush to write a message onto white paper, using the baking soda solution as 'ink'.
3. Allow the ink to dry.
4. One way to read the message is to hold the paper up to a heat source, such as a light bulb. The baking soda will cause the writing in the paper to turn brown.
5. A second method to read the message is to paint over the paper with purple grape juice. The message will appear in a different color.

Tips:

1. If you are using the heating method, avoid igniting the paper - don't use a halogen bulb.
2. Baking soda and grape juice react with each other in an acid-base reaction, producing a color change in the paper.
3. The baking soda mixture can also be used more diluted, with one part baking soda to two parts water.
4. Grape juice concentrate results in a more visible color change than regular grape juice.

What You Need:

• Baking Soda
• Paper
• Water
• Light Bulb (heat source)
• Paintbrush or Swab
• Measuring Cup
• Purple Grape Juice (opt.)

Colored Flowers

It's easy to make your own colored flowers, especially carnations and daisies, but there are a couple of tricks that help ensure great results. Here's how you do it. 

Colored Flower Materials
• fresh flowers, preferably white - don't use wilted flowers since they might not be able to absorb water well. Good choices include daisies and carnations.
• food coloring
• warm water

Make Colored Flowers
• Trim the stems of your flowers so they aren't excessively long.
• Make a slanted cut at the base of the stem under water. The cut is slanted so that the stem won't sit flat on the bottom of the container. A flat cut can prevent the flower from taking in water. Make the cut underwater to prevent air bubbles from forming in the tiny tubes at base of the stem, which would prevent water/color from being drawn up.
• Add food coloring to a glass. You're looking at about 20-30 drops of food coloring per half cup of warm water. Warm water will be taken more readily than cold water.
• Set the damp stem of the flower in the colored water. The petals should become colored after a few hours. It may take as long as 24 hours, however, depending on the flower.
• You can set the colored flowers in plain water or flower preservative, but they will continue to drink water, changing the pattern of the color over time.
Getting Fancy
You can slit the stem up the middle and put each side in a different color to get bi-colored flowers. What do you think you will get if you put half of the stem in blue dye and half in yellow dye? What do you think will happen if you take a colored flower and put its stem in dye of a different color?
How It Works
A few different processes are involved in plant 'drinking' or transpiration. As water evaporates from flowers and leaves, the attractive force between water molecules called cohesion pulls more water along. Water is pulled up through tiny tubes (xylem) that run up a plant's stem. Although gravity might want to pull the water back down toward the ground, water sticks to itself and these tubes. This capillary action keeps water in the xylem in much the same way as water stays in a straw when you suck water through it, except evaporation and biochemical reactions provide the initial upward pull.

Computational chemistry

      Computational chemistry is a branch of chemistry that uses principles of computer science to assist in solving chemical problems. It uses the results of theoretical chemistry, incorporated into efficient computer programs, to calculate the structures and properties of molecules and solids. While its results normally complement the information obtained by chemical experiments, it can in some cases predict hitherto unobserved chemical phenomena. It is widely used in the design of new drugs and materials.

      Examples of such properties are structure (i.e. the expected positions of the constituent atoms), absolute and relative (interaction) energies, electronic charge distributions, dipolesmultipole moments, vibrational frequencies, reactivity or other spectroscopiccross sections for collision with other particles. and higher quantities, and

      The methods employed cover both static and dynamic situations. In all cases the computer time and other resources (such as memory and disk space) increase rapidly with the size of the system being studied. That system can be a single molecule, a group of molecules, or a solid. Computational chemistry methods range from highly accurate to very approximate; highly accurate methods are typically feasible only for small systems. Ab initio methods are based entirely on theory from first principles. Other (typically less accurate) methods are called empirical or semi-empirical because they employ experimental results, often from acceptable models of atoms or related molecules, to approximate some elements of the underlying theory.

      Both ab initio and semi-empirical approaches involve approximations. These range from simplified forms of the first-principles equations that are easier or faster to solve, to approximations limiting the size of the system (for example, periodic boundary conditions), to fundamental approximations to the underlying equations that are required to achieve any solution to them at all. For example, most ab initio calculations make the Born–Oppenheimer approximation, which greatly simplifies the underlying Schrödinger equation by freezing the nuclei in place during the calculation. In principle, ab initio methods eventually converge to the exact solution of the underlying equations as the number of approximations is reduced. In practice, however, it is impossible to eliminate all approximations, and residual error inevitably remains. The goal of computational chemistry is to minimize this residual error while keeping the calculations tractable.

      In some cases, the details of electronic structure are less important than the long-time phase space behavior of molecules. This is the case in conformational studies of proteins and protein-ligand binding thermodynamics. Classical approximations to the potential energy surface are employed, as they are computationally less intensive than electronic calculations, to enable longer simulations of molecular dynamics. Furthermore, cheminformatics uses even more empirical (and computationally cheaper) methods like machine learning based on physicochemical properties. One typical problem in cheminformatics is to predict the binding affinity of drug molecules to a given target.

Moon

The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite and is the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System. It is the largest natural satellite in the Solar System relative to the size of its planet, a quarter the diameter of Earth and 1/81 its mass, and is the second densest satellite after Io. It is in synchronous rotation with Earth, always showing the same face; the near side is marked with dark volcanic maria among the bright ancient crustal highlands and prominent impact craters. Despite being the brightest object in the sky after the Sun, its surface is actually very dark, with a similar reflectance to coal. Its prominence in the sky and its regular cycle of phases have since ancient times made the Moon an important cultural influence on language, the calendar, art and mythology. The Moon's gravitational influence produces the ocean tides and the minute lengthening of the day. The Moon's current orbital distance, about thirty times the diameter of the Earth, causes it to be the same size in the sky as the Sun – allowing the Moon to cover the Sun precisely in total solar eclipses.

The Moon is the only celestial body on which human beings have made a manned landing. While the Soviet Union's Luna programme was the first to reach the Moon with unmanned spacecraft, the United States' NASA Apollo program achieved the only manned missions to date, beginning with the first manned lunar orbiting mission by Apollo 8 in 1968, and six manned lunar landings between 1969 and 1972 – the first being Apollo 11 in 1969. These missions returned over 380 kg of lunar rocks, which have been used to develop a detailed geological understanding of the Moon's origins (it is thought to have formed some 4.5 billion years ago in a giant impact), the formation of its internal structure, and its subsequent history.

Since the Apollo 17 mission in 1972, the Moon has been visited only by unmanned spacecraft. Since 2004, Japan, China, India, the United States, and the European Space Agency have each sent lunar orbiters. These spacecraft have confirmed the discovery of lunar water ice in permanently shadowed craters at the poles and bound into the lunar regolith. Future manned missions to the Moon are planned but not yet underway; the Moon remains, under the Outer Space Treaty, free to all nations to explore for peaceful purposes

Efek Rumah Kaca

Segala sumber energi yang terdapat di Bumi berasal dari Matahari. Sebagian besar energi tersebut dalam bentuk radiasi gelombang pendek, termasuk cahaya tampak. Ketika energi ini mengenai permukaan Bumi, ia berubah dari cahaya menjadi panas yang menghangatkan Bumi. Permukaan Bumi, akan menyerap sebagian panas dan memantulkan kembali sisanya. Sebagian dari panas ini sebagai radiasi infra merah gelombang panjang ke angkasa luar. Namun sebagian panas tetap terperangkap di atmosfer bumi akibat menumpuknya jumlah gas rumah kaca antara lain uap air, karbon dioksida, dan metana yang menjadi perangkap gelombang radiasi ini. Gas-gas ini menyerap dan memantulkan kembali radiasi gelombang yang dipancarkan Bumi dan akibatnya panas tersebut akan tersimpan di permukaan Bumi. Hal tersebut terjadi berulang-ulang dan mengakibatkan suhu rata-rata tahunan bumi terus meningkat.
Gas-gas tersebut berfungsi sebagaimana kaca dalam rumah kaca. Dengan semakin meningkatnya konsentrasi gas-gas ini di atmosfer, semakin banyak panas yang terperangkap di bawahnya.
Sebenarnya, efek rumah kaca ini sangat dibutuhkan oleh segala makhluk hidup yang ada di bumi, karena tanpanya, planet ini akan menjadi sangat dingin. Dengan temperatur rata-rata sebesar 15 °C (59 °F), bumi sebenarnya telah lebih panas 33 °C (59 °F) dengan efek rumah kaca[3] (tanpanya suhu bumi hanya -18 °C sehingga es akan menutupi seluruh permukaan Bumi). Akan tetapi sebaliknya, akibat jumlah gas-gas tersebut telah berlebih di atmosfer, pemanasan global menjadi akibatnya

Efek umpan balik
Efek-efek dari agen penyebab pemanasan global juga dipengaruhi oleh berbagai proses umpan balik yang dihasilkannya. Sebagai contoh adalah pada penguapan air. Pada kasus pemanasan akibat bertambahnya gas-gas rumah kaca seperti CO2, pemanasan pada awalnya akan menyebabkan lebih banyaknya air yang menguap ke atmosfer. Karena uap air sendiri merupakan gas rumah kaca, pemanasan akan terus berlanjut dan menambah jumlah uap air di udara hingga tercapainya suatu kesetimbangan konsentrasi uap air. Efek rumah kaca yang dihasilkannya lebih besar bila dibandingkan oleh akibat gas CO2 sendiri. (Walaupun umpan balik ini meningkatkan kandungan air absolut di udara, kelembaban relatif udara hampir konstan atau bahkan agak menurun karena udara menjadi menghangat). Umpan balik ini hanya dapat dibalikkan secara perlahan-lahan karena CO2 memiliki usia yang panjang di atmosfer.
Efek-efek umpan balik karena pengaruh awan sedang menjadi objek penelitian saat ini. Bila dilihat dari bawah, awan akan memantulkan radiasi infra merah balik ke permukaan, sehingga akan meningkatkan efek pemanasan. Sebaliknya bila dilihat dari atas, awan tersebut akan memantulkan sinar Matahari dan radiasi infra merah ke angkasa, sehingga meningkatkan efek pendinginan. Apakah efek netto-nya pemanasan atau pendinginan tergantung pada beberapa detail-detail tertentu seperti tipe dan ketinggian awan tersebut. Detail-detail ini sulit direpresentasikan dalam model iklim, antara lain karena awan sangat kecil bila dibandingkan dengan jarak antara batas-batas komputasional dalam model iklim (sekitar 125 hingga 500 km untuk model yang digunakan dalam Laporan Pandangan IPCC ke Empat). Walaupun demikian, umpan balik awan berada pada peringkat dua bila dibandingkan dengan umpan balik uap air dan dianggap positif (menambah pemanasan) dalam semua model yang digunakan dalam Laporan Pandangan IPCC ke Empat
.
Umpan balik penting lainnya adalah hilangnya kemampuan memantulkan cahaya (albedo) oleh es. Ketika temperatur global meningkat, es yang berada di dekat kutub mencair dengan kecepatan yang terus meningkat. Bersama dengan melelehnya es tersebut, daratan atau air dibawahnya akan terbuka. Baik daratan maupun air memiliki kemampuan memantulkan cahaya lebih sedikit bila dibandingkan dengan es, dan akibatnya akan menyerap lebih banyak radiasi Matahari. Hal ini akan menambah pemanasan dan menimbulkan lebih banyak lagi es yang mencair, menjadi suatu siklus yang berkelanjutan. Umpan balik positif akibat terlepasnya CO2 dan CH4 dari melunaknya tanah beku (permafrost) adalah mekanisme lainnya yang berkontribusi terhadap pemanasan. Selain itu, es yang meleleh juga akan melepas CH4 yang juga menimbulkan umpan balik positif. Kemampuan lautan untuk menyerap karbon juga akan berkurang bila ia menghangat, hal ini diakibatkan oleh menurunya tingkat nutrien pada zona mesopelagic sehingga membatasi pertumbuhan diatom daripada fitoplankton yang merupakan penyerap karbon yang rendah.
Variasi Matahari
Terdapat hipotesa yang menyatakan bahwa variasi dari Matahari, dengan kemungkinan diperkuat oleh umpan balik dari awan, dapat memberi kontribusi dalam pemanasan saat ini.] Perbedaan antara mekanisme ini dengan pemanasan akibat efek rumah kaca adalah meningkatnya aktivitas Matahari akan memanaskan stratosfer sebaliknya efek rumah kaca akan mendinginkan stratosfer. Pendinginan stratosfer bagian bawah paling tidak telah diamati sejak tahun 1960, yang tidak akan terjadi bila aktivitas Matahari menjadi kontributor utama pemanasan saat ini. (Penipisan lapisan ozon juga dapat memberikan efek pendinginan tersebut tetapi penipisan tersebut terjadi mulai akhir tahun 1970-an.) Fenomena variasi Matahari dikombinasikan dengan aktivitas gunung berapi mungkin telah memberikan efek pemanasan dari masa pra-industri hingga tahun 1950, serta efek pendinginan sejak tahun 1950.

Ada beberapa hasil penelitian yang menyatakan bahwa kontribusi Matahari mungkin telah diabaikan dalam pemanasan global. Dua ilmuan dari Duke University mengestimasikan bahwa Matahari mungkin telah berkontribusi terhadap 45-50% peningkatan temperatur rata-rata global selama periode 1900-2000, dan sekitar 25-35% antara tahun 1980 dan 2000.[ Stott dan rekannya mengemukakan bahwa model iklim yang dijadikan pedoman saat ini membuat estimasi berlebihan terhadap efek gas-gas rumah kaca dibandingkan dengan pengaruh Matahari; mereka juga mengemukakan bahwa efek pendinginan dari debu vulkanik dan aerosol sulfat juga telah dipandang remeh.] Walaupun demikian, mereka menyimpulkan bahwa bahkan dengan meningkatkan sensitivitas iklim terhadap pengaruh Matahari sekalipun, sebagian besar pemanasan yang terjadi pada dekade-dekade terakhir ini disebabkan oleh gas-gas rumah kaca.

Pada tahun 2006, sebuah tim ilmuan dari Amerika Serikat, Jerman dan Swiss menyatakan bahwa mereka tidak menemukan adanya peningkatan tingkat “keterangan” dari Matahari pada seribu tahun terakhir ini. Siklus Matahari hanya memberi peningkatan kecil sekitar 0,07% dalam tingkat “keterangannya” selama 30 tahun terakhir. Efek ini terlalu kecil untuk berkontribusi terhadap pemansan global.[] Sebuah penelitian oleh Lockwood dan Fröhlich menemukan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara pemanasan global dengan variasi Matahari sejak tahun 1985, baik melalui variasi dari output Matahari maupun variasi dalam sinar kosmis.

John Dalton

Dalton,John (1766-1844) was a highly original English scientist who studied a wide range of topics in science. Dalton is best known, however, for his contributions to the atomic theory in of matter. The atomic theory proposes that all matter is made up of very tiny particles called atoms. Dalton refined the theory by suggesting that each chemical element consists of a Single type of atom. Although an amount of the element may contain many, many atoms, they are all identical in size, shape, and mass. Further-more, Dalton theorized that in a chemical compound, the atoms of the different elements always combine in the same ratio. In a similar vein, Dalton arranged all of the known chemical elements in a table according to atomic weight (Dalton understood that each element has a unique atomic weight, since the atoms of each element are unique.) Dalton's table was a very early version of the periodic table developed in the later 1800's by Dmitri Mendeleev and others. Dalton also devised a system of chemical symbols to use in formulas.

Dalton made fundamental contributions to the scientific understanding of gases. He first stated the law of partial pressures. This law e plains that the total pressure in a mixture of gases equals the sum of the pressure exerted independently by each gas. It is now called Dalton's law. Another chemical law credited to Dalton states that a gas expands as it is heated (This law is now called Charles' law -even though Dalton really discovered it first) And, Dalton proved that gases dissolve in water. H also proved the rate of diffusion of gases. Early in life, Dalton developed a strong interest in meteorology, the scientific study of weather. He was one of the first people to study weather from a scientific viewpoint. Dalton confirmed that rain falls when the temperature of a cloud declines, not because of a drop in atmospheric pressure. He also developed a theory to explain the cause of the trade winds, which occur in the latitudes of the earth near the equator. Dalton said that the trade winds were caused by a combination 0 the earth's rotation and temperature variation in the earth's atmosphere. Dalton studied the aurora borealis an occasional brilliant, shimmering display of lights in the northern skies He concluded that the earth's magnetism was at least part of the cause of the aurora. Later scientific findings proved Dalton largely correct in these theories. Dalton also investigated the condition known as color blindness. John and his brother had this condition, in which a person fails to perceive colors accurately. Because ol Dalton's work, the condition of color blindness. is also known as Daltonism. A member of the Royal Society, DaIton received a Gold Medal in 1826. He was also a corresponding member of the French Academy of Sciences and a founding member of the British Association for the Advancement Science. John Dalton died in 1844.

Rainbow in the glass............

1. Line up five glasses. Add 1 tablespoon (15 g) of sugar to the first glass, 2 tablespoons (30 g) of sugar to the second glass, 3 tablespoons of sugar (45 g) to the third glass, and 4 tablespoons of sugar (60 g) to the fourth glass. The fifth glass remains empty.

2. Add 3 tablespoons (45 ml) of water to each of the first 4 glasses. Stir each solution. If the sugar does not dissolve in any of the four glasses, then add one more tablespoon (15 ml) of water to each of the four glasses.

3. Add 2-3 drops of red food coloring to the first glass, yellow food coloring to the second glass, green food coloring to the third glass, and blue food coloring to the fourth glass. Stir each solution.

4. Now let's make a rainbow using the different density solutions. Fill the last glass about one-fourth full of the blue sugar solution.

5. Carefully layer some green sugar solution above the blue liquid. Do this by putting a spoon in the glass, just above the blue layer, and pouring the green solution slowly over the back of the spoon. If you do this right, you won't disturb the blue solution much at all. Add green solution until the glass is about half full.

6. Now layer the yellow solution above the green liquid, using the back of the spoon. Fill the glass to three-quarters full. Finally, layer the red solution above the yellow liquid. Fill the glass the rest of the way.